Dice Rolling Simulation in C

This document explains how to write a C program that simulates the rolling of a dice. The program will generate a random number between 1 and 6, which represents the outcome of rolling a dice.

Program Structure

The program consists of the following parts:

• Include necessary headers: The #include directives include the necessary libraries for the program.
• Initialize random number generator: The srand() function is used to seed the random number generator with the current time.
• Generate random number: The rand() function generates a random number, which is then scaled to the range 1-6.
• Output the result: The program prints the result of the dice roll.

Code Explanation and Documentation

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

/**
 * Main function to simulate dice rolling
 * 
 * @return int Exit status of the program
 */
int main() {
    // Seed the random number generator with the current time
    srand(time(0));

    // Generate a random number between 1 and 6
    int dice_roll = (rand() % 6) + 1;

    // Print the result of the dice roll
    printf("You rolled a %d\n", dice_roll);

    return 0;
}
    

Explanation

Let’s break down the code:

1. #include <stdio.h>: Includes the standard input/output library, which is necessary for using the printf() function.
2. #include <stdlib.h>: Includes the standard library, which is necessary for using the rand() and srand() functions.
3. #include <time.h>: Includes the time library, which is necessary for using the time() function to seed the random number generator.
4. srand(time(0));: Seeds the random number generator with the current time. This ensures that the sequence of random numbers generated by rand() is different each time the program is run.
5. int dice_roll = (rand() % 6) + 1;: Generates a random number between 0 and 5 using rand() % 6. Adding 1 shifts the range to 1-6, which simulates the outcome of rolling a dice.
6. printf("You rolled a %d\n", dice_roll);: Prints the result of the dice roll to the console.
7. return 0;: Returns 0 to indicate that the program executed successfully.