Binary to Decimal Converter in C

This program converts binary numbers to decimal numbers. Below is the C program along with an explanation of its structure and functionality.

Program Structure

The program is structured as follows:

• Include necessary libraries: The program includes the standard input-output library #include <stdio.h>.
• Function prototypes: Prototypes for the functions used in the program are declared.
• Main function: The main function handles user input and output, calling the appropriate functions to convert the binary number to a decimal number.
• Conversion function: A function that performs the actual conversion from binary to decimal.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

// Function prototype for binary to decimal conversion
int binaryToDecimal(int binary);

int main() {
    int binaryNumber;

    // Prompt the user to enter a binary number
    printf("Enter a binary number: ");
    scanf("%d", &binaryNumber);

    // Convert binary to decimal
    int decimalNumber = binaryToDecimal(binaryNumber);

    // Display the result
    printf("The decimal equivalent of %d is %d\n", binaryNumber, decimalNumber);

    return 0;
}

/**
 * Function to convert a binary number to a decimal number
 * @param binary The binary number to be converted
 * @return The decimal equivalent of the binary number
 */
int binaryToDecimal(int binary) {
    int decimal = 0, base = 1, remainder;

    while (binary > 0) {
        remainder = binary % 10;
        decimal = decimal + remainder * base;
        binary = binary / 10;
        base = base * 2;
    }

    return decimal;
}
    

Explanation

Libraries: The program includes the standard input-output library #include <stdio.h> to enable input and output operations.

Function prototype: The prototype int binaryToDecimal(int binary); declares the function that will perform the conversion from binary to decimal.

Main function:

• The program starts by declaring an integer variable binaryNumber.
• It then prompts the user to enter a binary number using printf and reads the input using scanf.
• The binary number entered by the user is passed to the binaryToDecimal function, which returns the decimal equivalent.
• Finally, the result is printed to the screen using printf.

Conversion function:

• The function binaryToDecimal takes an integer binary as an argument and initializes three variables: decimal (to store the result), base (to keep track of the power of 2), and remainder (to store the remainder when the binary number is divided by 10).
• The function uses a while loop to iterate through each digit of the binary number. Inside the loop:
  • The remainder when the binary number is divided by 10 is calculated and stored in remainder.
  • This remainder is then multiplied by the current base (power of 2) and added to decimal.
  • The binary number is divided by 10 to remove the last digit, and base is multiplied by 2 to move to the next power of 2.
• Once the loop completes, the function returns the decimal equivalent.